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Sharf, Robert, 39 41, 49, 68, 87 tapas, 103 4, 134
Siddha\rtha Gautama, 33 34, 57, 62, Therava\
da Buddhism, 3, 23 24, 35 36,
112 13 40 41, 56, 61 62, 68 69, 71, 72, 86,
siddhi (mastery), 25, 46, 79, 84, 109, 87, 88 91, 101 2, 111 12, 125, 130,
112, 123 25, 136 131
S:ikse"a\samuccaya, 86 Tibetan Buddhism
óise"ya (metaphysical illness), 73 division between gradual and sudden
Smart, Ninian, 27, 29, 32 33 in, 16
socialization process, meditation and, Dzogchen system and, 16
71 72 Gelukpa sect of, 14 16, 36 37, 69,
Sonne, Brigitte, 55 87, 102 3
soul-loss phenomena, 65 66 Kagyupa lineage, 69
óramane"a traditions, 14, 23 24, 59, Maha\mudra\ system and, 16
66 70, 74, 77, 81 84, 93 95, 101 3, meditation and, 2, 16, 42 43
106, 128, 132 36 Nyingmapa lineage, 69
óra\vakabhu\mis, 99 óamatha and, 24 25
óra\vakas, Maha\ya\na and, 41 vipaóyana\ and, 24 25
Staal, Frits, 4, 46, 47 48, 58 Tilopa, 121
Stace, W. T., 27, 59 trika\ya, 122
Stcherbatsky, Theodore, 99 Trióikse"a\ (threefold training), 2
Strenski, Ivan, 64 tre"se"ne"a\, 74
Stuart-Fox, Martin, 101 2 Tsongkhapa, 16
S:uddhaniva\sas, 107 Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient
óu\nyata\ (emptiness), 36, 62, 114, 116 India, The (Bronkhorst), 94
superstructures, 4, 48, 76
su\tras, 81 82, 101 2, 107 Udraka, 89
in defining meditation, 17 Upanise"ads, 17, 18, 77, 78, 83, 84, 86,
nature and role of, 14 92, 94, 95, 98, 101
progression of, 91 93 upa\yas (methods), 62, 84
188 Index
upekse"a (equanimity), 30, 44, 45, 50, 91 vre"ttis (mental modification), 42
\
upekse"a\smre"tiparióuddhi, 80, 82 Vyasa, 15, 17, 82, 96 98, 105, 108
Uttamacaritrakatha\naka, 120
Wayman, Alex, 116
Vaibha\se"ika, 82, 85, 98 Weber, Max, 55, 66
vaira\gya (detachment), 30, 104, 134 Werner, Karel, 22
Vaióese"ika, 96 Whicher, Ian, 39, 73
Vaise"ne"avas, 79 Williams, Paul, 15
Vajrade"a\kinê. See Vajrayoginê Willis, Janice, 121
Vajrava\ra\hê, 121, 123, 126
Vajraya\na Buddhism, 20, 62, 69, 72, yab-yum, 116 17
102, 111 14, 116, 121, 125, 126 Yamashita, Koichi, 97 100, 133 34
Vajrayoginê, 119 24, 136 yamas (yoga observances), 16 17, 78
Vallée Poussin, Louis de la, 59, 75, 76, YBh. See Yoga Bha\se"ya (YBh)
79, 81 84, 85, 91, 95, 99 101, 133 yidam (deity yoga), 119
Vara\hê, 121 yoga
Vasubandhu, 82, 84, 98 100, 102, 105 autonomy in, 60
Veda\nta, 2, 7, 69 cessative dimension of. See cessative
Vedic religious concept, 18, 66 67, 101 dimension
Vetter, Tilmann, 82 dynamics of practice and experience
Vibha\se"a\, 82 in, 60 61
vibhu\tipa\da, 135 haèhayoga, 77
vica\ra, 90, 91 92 jña\nayoga, 71, 103
videhas (bodiless ones), 58, 106 7 meditation and, 2 3, 5 6
Vijña\nabhikse"u, 105, 107 8 nirodha type of, 44 45
vijña\na\taya (limitless consciousness), numinous dimension of. See numi-
115 nous dimension
Vijña\nava\da, 84, 98 origins and development of, 22
vinaya, 103 phases of, 22
Vindhyava\sin, 15, 96 97, 99 100 pleasure principle and, 4 5
vipaóyana\ (insight meditation), 20, 21, proto-yoga, 79
71, 89 90 Sa\me"khya Yoga, 76 79, 81 83, 91,
óamatha (concentrative meditation) 96 100, 115
and, 23 25, 31 37, 41, 58, 68, 74, shamanism compared with, 53,
87 88, 92 93, 98 99, 102 3, 109, 55 60, 63 65, 72 74, 88
111 18, 124 25, 128, 130, social and religious community and, 4
135 36 training in, 4
Visne"u Pura\ne"a, 18 types of, 22
e"
Visuddhimagga, 23, 40, 90, 117 See also Hindu Classical Yoga;
vitakka, 91 sa\dhana (tantric practice)
vêtara\ga, 99 Yoga: Immortality and Freedom
vêtara\gabhu\mi, 99 (Eliade), 53, 85 86
vitarka, 90, 91 92 Yoga Bha\se"ya (YBh), 15, 34, 84, 85,
vitarkaba\dhana (stoppage of thoughts), 96 100, 104, 107, 134 35
35 Yoga\ca\ra, 34, 40, 82, 85, 114
viveka (discrimination), 80 yoga daróana, 16, 70, 96, 99
Index 189
Yogakune"de"ali, 95 religious phenomena and, 34
yoga pur (pure yoga), 59, 76, 81, 100 101 sama\patti and, 69 70, 72 73
yogaócittavre"ttinirodhahe", 105 See also Hindu Classical Yoga
Yogasu\tra of Patañjali (YS), 14 19, yoga-upa\sana\, 92
85 86, 133 34 yoginê, 119 24
Buddhism compared with, 75 109 YS. See Yogasu\tra of Patañjali (YS)
levels of sama\dhi and, 58 59
meditation and, 38, 42
nirodha and, 69 70 Zahler, Leah, 87, 103, 133
numinous and cessative dimensions Zen, meditative experience and, 35
of, 49 51 zero-experience (Bharati), 27
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