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unusual manner and there is no explanation for that when swallowed irritates the stomach and
the illness or abnormal behavior. causes vomiting. It is not harmful if taken as
directed, except of course that it will make you
If you take enough of anything it can be
vomit. However, there are certain types of
poisonous. The most critical period of time is
poisonings where it should not be used, so call
the first hour or two after the poisoning occurs -
your doctor or the poison center before you use
-do not delay seeking advice.--
it. Ipecac may be purchased at any pharmacy.
Do These Things Before You Call Someone
Your pharmacist can give you one ounce (30
cc), of syrup of Ipecac without a prescription. All
Remove poisons from contact with eyes, skin,
you have to do is request it. It will keep for
or mouth.
several years stored at room temperature.
EYES: Gently wash eyes with plenty of water
If you are instructed to use Ipecac: Give the
for 10 to 15 minutes with the eyelids held open.
victim one tablespoon of Ipecac syrup followed
Remove contact lenses and again wash the
by a glass (8 oz.) of liquid, (water, juices, etc.).
eyes. Do not allow victim to rub the eyes.
Then give additional liquid as tolerated. If the
SKIN: Wash poisons off the skin with large
patient hasn't vomited within 15 or 20 minutes,
amounts of plain water. Then wash the skin with
give another tablespoon of Ipecac and more
a detergent if possible. Remove and discard all
water.
contaminated clothing.
Don't waste time trying other ways to make
Mouth: Look into victim's mouth and remove all
the victim vomit. Tickling the back of the throat
tablets, powder, plants, or any other material
with your fingers, a spoon or some other object
that you find. Also examine for cuts, burns, or
is not very effective. Do not use salt water. It
any unusual coloring. Wipe the mouth out with a
is potentially dangerous.
cloth and wash thoroughly with water.
Never induce vomiting if the patient is
Remove victim from contact with poisonous
unconscious, is having convulsions (fits), or has
fumes or gases, if safe for rescuer.
swallowed strong caustics or corrosives.
Get the victim into fresh air. Loosen all tight-
Induce vomiting only if you are instructed to
fitting clothing. If the victim is not breathing, you
do so by your doctor or the poison center. Never
should start artificial respiration immediately. Do
induce vomiting until you are instructed to
not stop until the victim is either breathing well
do so.
or help arrives. Use oxygen if available. Send
someone else to call for help.
If you go to the hospital, take or send the
poison container, poisonous plant, etc. with you;
If a caustic poison has been swallowed, you
take any vomitus you collect; don't give
should dilute it by giving one or two glassfuls of
substances like stimulants or drugs to the
milk (or water if milk is not available).
victim.
For information about what to do next, call:
The poison Control Center is open 24 hours a
911 or the Poison Control Center 1-800-456-
day.
7707
" Identify yourself and your relationship to the
Burns
victim.
" Describe the victim by name, age, and sex.
1) Degrees of burns:
" Have the package or poison in your hand " 1st degree -- Skin is red and tender. (As
and identify exactly (as best you can) what
in a sunburn)
the victim took and how much he took.
" 2nd degree -- Blisters develop, Never
Call for information even if you are not sure.
break or open blisters.
Keep calm. You have enough time to act, but
" 3rd degree -- Deep tissue damage.
don't delay unnecessarily.
2) First Aid for 1st and 2nd degree burns --
exclude air by:
How To Induce Vomiting
31
First Aid
" Submerging in cold water (the best thing
" If bleeding, control bleeding by direct
to do.) pressure on wound.
" Applying a cold pack not ice.
" Treat same as closed fracture after
bleeding is controlled.
" Covering with a thick dressing or plastic.
4) Splinting:
Do not use plastic on the face. After
" Place one hand above and one hand
using cold water or cold pack, cover the
burn area with a thick dry sterile below fracture to support it.
dressing and bandage firmly to exclude
" Have someone grasp end of limb and
air.
pull steadily until bone is set and splints
3) First Aid for 3rd degree burns:
are in place.
" Apply a thick dry sterile dressing and
" Secure the splints to the limb.
bandage to keep out air.
" Treat for shock
" If large area, wrap with clean sheet or
towel.
Sprains
" Keep burned hands and feet elevated
and get medical help immediately.
Injury to soft tissue around a joint.
1. Always immobilize.
" Treat the same as shock victim, giving
2. Elevate joint.
fluids as indicated and warmth if
3. Apply cold during first half hour.
necessary.
4. Treat the same as a closed fracture.
4) First Aid for Chemical burns:
" Wash chemical away with water.
Head Injuries
" Acid or alkali burns of the eyes: wash
1) Symptoms of head injuries:
eye thoroughly in plain water for 10 to
" May or may not be conscious.
15 minutes. If the victim is lying down,
" Any changes in level of consciousness.
turn head to side. Hold the lid open and
pour from inner corner outward.
" Bleeding from mouth, nose, or ears.
" Have the victim close the eye, place
" Paralysis of one or more extremities.
eye pad over lid, bandage and get
medical help as soon as possible.
" Difference in size of pupils of the eyes.
2) First aid for head injuries:
Broken Bones
" No stimulant or fluids.
1) Signs of a closed fracture:
" Do not raise feet, keep victim flat.
" Swelling
" Observe carefully for stopped breathing
" Tenderness to touch
or blocked airway.
" Deformity
" Get medical help immediately.
" Discoloration
" When transported, gently, lying flat.
2) Treatment for closed fractures:
" Position head to side so secretions may
" Keep broken bone ends from moving.
drool from corner of mouth.
" Keep adjacent joints from moving.
" Loosen clothing at neck.
" Treat for shock.
" See section #4 below on splinting.
3) Treatment for open fractures:
" Do not move protruding bone ends
32
First Aid
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